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What Is a Caliper?
A caliper is a precision measuring tool used to check the size of an object. It can measure outside dimensions (length and width), inside dimensions (hole diameters), and depth. Calipers are commonly used by engineers, machinists, inspectors, and workshop users who need accurate measurements.
Most calipers include:
- Outside jaws for external measurements
- Inside jaws for internal measurements
- A depth rod or blade for measuring hole depth and step measurements
Types of Calipers
Calipers are available in several styles:
Digital Calipers
Digital calipers show the measurement on an LCD screen for fast, easy reading. They offer high accuracy and can switch between metric and inch units.
Dial Calipers
Dial calipers use a clock-style dial to display measurements. They are easier to read than vernier scales and don’t require batteries.
Vernier (Analogue) Calipers
Vernier calipers use a sliding scale that must be read manually. They are reliable and durable but take more skill to read accurately.
Standard & Long Range Calipers
Standard sizes usually measure up to 300mm (12"), while long-range models can measure up to 2000mm (2m) for large components.
How to Use a Caliper
- Make sure the jaws are clean and fully closed.
- Check the zero reading before measuring.
- Place the part between the outside jaws for external sizes and gently close them.
- Use the inside jaws for bore or internal measurements.
- Use the depth rod to measure hole or slot depth.
- Read the value from the screen, dial, or vernier scale.
Some calipers include a thumb roller for fine adjustment and better control.
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